tiny-gnupg 0.9.0

Table Of Contents

1. Install

2. Basic Commands

3. Networking Examples

4. About Torification

5. More Commands

6. Retiring Keys

Install

sudo apt-get install tor torsocks gnupg2 gpg-agent

pip install --user --upgrade tiny_gnupg

Basic Commands

The GnuPG class’s instances are the primary interface for running commands & managing keys using the gpg2 executable.

from tiny_gnupg import GnuPG, run


PATH_TO_GPG_BINARY = "/usr/bin/gpg2"

gpg = GnuPG(

    email_address="bob@user.net",

    passphrase="bobs's passphrase",

    executable=PATH_TO_GPG_BINARY,

)


# This will generate a primary ed25519 ECC certifying key, and three

# subkeys, one each for the authentication, encryption, and signing

# functionalities.

gpg.generate_key()


# Now this fingerprint can be used with arbitrary gpg2 commands.

gpg.fingerprint


# But the key is stored in the package's local keyring. To

# talk to the package's gpg environment, an arbitrary command

# can be constructed like this ->

options = ["--armor", "--encrypt", "-r", gpg.fingerprint]

command = gpg.encode_command(*options)

inputs = gpg.encode_inputs("Message to myself")

encrypted_message = gpg.read_output(command, inputs)


# If a command would invoke the need for a passphrase, the

# with_passphrase kwarg should be set to True ->

command = gpg.encode_command(*options, with_passphrase=True)


# The passphrase then needs to be the first arg passed to

# encode_inputs ->

inputs = gpg.encode_inputs(gpg.user.passphrase, *other_inputs)


# The list of keys in the package's environment can be accessed

# from the list_keys() method, which returns a dict ->

gpg.list_keys()
>>> {fingerprint: email_address, ...}


# Or retrieve a specific key where a searchable portion of its uid

# information is known, like an email address or fingerprint ->

gpg.list_keys("bob@user.net")
>>> {"EE36F0584971280730D76CEC94A470B77ABA6E81": "bob@user.net"}


# Let's try encrypting a message to Alice, whose public key is

# stored on keys.openpgp.org/


# First, we'll import Alice's key from the keyserver (This requires

# a Tor system installation. Or an open TorBrowser, and the tor_port

# attribute set to 9150) ->

# Optional: gpg.keyserver.network.tor_port = 9150

run(gpg.network_import(uid="alice@email.domain"))


# Then encrypt a message with Alice's key and sign it ->

msg = "So, what's the plan this Sunday, Alice?"

encrypted_message = gpg.encrypt(

    message=msg, uid="alice@email.domain", sign=True

)


# The process of encrypting a message to a peer whose public key

# might not be in the local package keyring is conveniently available

# in a single method. It automatically searches for the recipient's

# key on the keyserver so it can be used to encrypt the message ->

run(gpg.auto_encrypt(msg, "alice@email.domain"))  # Signing is automatic


# We could directly send a copy of our key to Alice, or upload it to

# the keyserver. Alice will need a copy so the signature on the

# message can be verified. So let's upload it to the keyserver ->

run(gpg.network_export(uid="bob@user.net"))


# Alice could now import our key (after we do an email verification

# with the keyserver) ->

run(gpg.network_import("bob@user.net"))


# Then Alice can simply receive the encrypted message and decrypt it ->

decrypted_msg = gpg.decrypt(encrypted_message)


# The process of decrypting a encrypted & signed message from a peer

# whose public key might not be in the local package keyring is

# conveniently available in a single method. It automatically determines

# the signing key fingerprint, and searches for it on the keyserver

# to verify the signature ->

decrypted_msg = run(gpg.auto_decrypt(encrypted_message))

On most systems, because of a bug in GnuPG, email verification of uploaded keys will be necessary for others to import them from the keyserver. That’s because GnuPG will throw an error immediately upon trying to import keys with their uid information stripped off.

The package no longer comes with its own gpg2 binary. Your system gpg2 executable is probably located at: /usr/bin/gpg2. You could also type: whereis gpg2 to find it. If it’s not installed, you’ll have to install it with your system’s equivalent of: sudo apt-get install gnupg2

Networking Examples

# Since we use SOCKSv5 over Tor for all of our networking, as well

# as the user-friendly aiohttp + aiohttp_socks libraries, the Tor

# networking interface is also available to users. These utilities

# allow arbitrary POST and GET requests to clearnet, or onionland,

# websites ->

from tiny_gnupg import GnuPG, Network, run


client = Network(tor_port=9050)


async def read_url(client, url):
    """
    Use the instance's interface to read the page located at the url
    with a wrapper around an `aiohttp.ClientSession` context manager.
    """
    async with client.context_get(url) as response:

        return await response.text()


# Now we can read webpages with GET requests ->

page_html = run(read_url(client, "https://keys.openpgp.org/"))


# Let's try onionland ->

url = "http://zkaan2xfbuxia2wpf7ofnkbz6r5zdbbvxbunvp5g2iebopbfc4iqmbad.onion/"

onion_page_html = run(read_url(client, url))


# Check your ip address for fun ->

ip_addr = run(read_url(client, "https://icanhazip.com/"))


# There's a convenience function built into the class that

# basically mimics read_url() ->

ip_addr = run(client.get("https://icanhazip.com/"))


# POST requests can also be sent with the context_post() method.

# Let's use a POST request to send the keyserver a new key we

# create ->

async def post_data(client, url, payload=""):
    """
    Use the instance's interface to post the api payload to the
    keyserver with a wrapper around an `aiohttp.ClientSession`
    context manager.
    """
    async with client.context_post(url, json=payload) as response:

        return await response.text()


gpg = GnuPG(email_address="bob@user.net", passphrase="bobs's passphrase")

gpg.generate_key()

url = gpg.keyserver._key_export_api_url

payload = {"keytext": gpg.text_export(uid=gpg.fingerprint)}

api_token_json = run(post_data(client, url, payload))


# There's also a convenience function built into the class that

# mimics post_data() ->

api_token_json = run(client.post(url, json=payload))


# Of course, this is just for demonstration. The method that should

# be used for uploading a key to the keyserver is network_export ->

run(gpg.network_export(gpg.fingerprint))


# And there we have it, it's super simple. And these requests have

# the added benefit of being completely routed through Tor. The

# keyserver here also has a v3 onion address which we use to query,

# upload, and import keys. This provides a nice, default layer of

# privacy to our communication needs.

These networking tools work off instances of aiohttp.ClientSession. To learn more about how to use their POST and GET requests, you can read the docs here.

About Torification

A user can make sure that any connections the gnupg binary makes with the network are always run through Tor by setting torify=True during initialization.

from tiny_gnupg import GnuPG


gpg = GnuPG(**user_details, torify=True)

This is helpful because there are gnupg settings which cause certain commands to do automatic connections to the web. For instance, when encrypting, gnupg may be set to automatically search for the recipient’s key on a keyserver if it’s not in the local keyring. This doesn’t normally effect tiny_gnupg because it doesn’t use gnupg’s networking interface. It ensures Tor connections through the aiohttp_socks library. But, if gnupg does make these kinds of connections silently, using torify can prevent a user’s IP address from being inadvertently revealed.

Using torify requires a Tor installation on the user system. If the user is running Debian / Ubuntu, then this guide could be helpful.

More Commands

# An instance can also be constructed from lower-level objects ->

from tiny_gnupg import BaseGnuPG, User, GnuPGConfig, run


PATH_TO_GPG_BINARY = "/usr/bin/gpg2"


# Passphrases can contain any characters, even emojis ->

user = User(email_address="bob@user.net", passphrase="✅🐎🔋📌")

config = GnuPGConfig(executable=PATH_TO_GPG_BINARY, torify=True)

gpg = BaseGnuPG(user, config=config)


# It turns out that the encrypt() method automatically signs the

# message being encrypted. So, the `sign=False` flag only has to be

# passed when a user doesn't want to sign a message ->

encrypted_unsigned_message = gpg.encrypt(

    message="sending message as an unidentified sender",

    uid="alice@email.domain",  # sending to alice,

    sign=False,  # no sender identification

)


# It also turns out, a user can sign things independently from

# encrypting ->

message_to_verify = "maybe a hash of a file?"

signed_data = gpg.sign(target=message_to_verify)

assert message_to_verify == gpg.decrypt(signed_data)


# And verify a signature without checking the signed value ->

gpg.verify(message=signed_data)  # throws if invalid


# Or sign a key in the package's keyring ->

gpg.sign("alice@email.domain", key=True)


# Importing key files is also a thing ->

path_to_file = "/home/user/keyfiles/"

gpg.file_import(path=path_to_file + "alices_key.asc")


# As well as exporting public keys ->

gpg.file_export(path=path_to_file, uid=gpg.user.email_address)


# And secret keys, but really, keep those safe! ->

gpg.file_export(

    path=path_to_file, uid=gpg.user.email_address, secret=True

)


# The keys don't have to be exported to a file. Instead they can

# be exported as strings ->

my_key = gpg.text_export(uid=gpg.fingerprint)


# So can secret keys (Be careful!) ->

my_secret_key = gpg.text_export(gpg.fingerprint, secret=True)


# And they can just as easily be imported from strings ->

gpg.text_import(key=my_key)

Retiring Keys

After a user no longer considers a key useful, or wants to dissociate from the key, then they have some options:

from tiny_gnupg import GnuPG, run


PATH_TO_GPG_BINARY = "/usr/bin/gpg2"

gpg = GnuPG(

    email_address="bob@user.net",

    passphrase="bobs's passphrase",

    executable=PATH_TO_GPG_BINARY,

)


# They can revoke their key then distribute it publicly (somehow)

# (the keyserver can't currently handle key revocations) ->

revoked_key = gpg.revoke(gpg.fingerprint)  # <--  Distribute this!


# Uploading the revoked key will only strip the user ID information

# from the key on the keyserver. It won't explicitly let others know

# the key has been retired. However, this action cannot be undone ->

run(gpg.network_export(gpg.fingerprint))


# The key can also be deleted from the package keyring like this ->

gpg.delete(uid="bob@user.net")

Major Changes

• The passphrase keyword argument is now processed through the hashlib.scrypt function before being stored within a User instance & used within the GnuPG & BaseGnuPG classes. The GnuPG & BaseGnuPG classes also accept an optional salt keyword-only argument. These changes secure user keys & passwords by default with a memory-hard key derivation function & the uniqueness of the user-specified random salt. These changes provide better security & aren’t backwards compatible.

• The email keyword argument to the User, BaseGnuPG & GnuPG classes was changed to email_address. The attributes in the User class have also mirrored this change. As well, the key_email method on the GnuPG & BaseGnuPG classes is now key_email_address.

• The User class now does type & value checking on the username, email_address & passphrase strings passed into the __init__, as well as whenever their associated property attributes are set.

Minor Changes

• Documentation improvements.

• Various refactorings & code cleanups.

• More type hinting was added & improved upon.

• Removed the improper usage of the NoneType for type hinting.

• New constants were added to the tiny_gnupg.py module to specify problematic control & whitespace characters that shouldn’t be used in various user-defined inputs & credentials.

• The file_export methods of the GnuPG & BaseGnuPG classes now saves key files with either "public-key_" or "secret-key_" strings prepended to them to better specify for users the context of files saved to their filesystems.

• Removed the svg image file which didn’t accurately report the line coverage with the new changes to the package.

Major Changes

• The new GnuPGConfig & Keyserver classes were extracted from the GnuPG class. GnuPGConfig holds onto each instance’s path strings to the system resources (like the gpg2 binary, the .conf file, & the home directory), as well as other static constants & instance specific settings (like the torify boolean flag). And, the Keyserver class separates the Tor networking & key upload, download, & searching logic.

• The GnuPG class was given a super class, BaseGnuPG, which is initialized using User & GnuPGConfig objects instead of the strings & booleans which have until now been used to initialize a GnuPG instance. This allows users to choose between initializing instances using the package’s higher-level types or python built-in types.

• The gen_key method of GnuPG & BaseGnuPG was changed to generate_key.

Minor Changes

• Docstring, documentation & type annotation fixes.

• Improved the clarity of error messages & the UX of error handling.

• Improved various GnuPG terminal output parsing logics.

• Heavy factorings to improve clarity & better organize the codebase.

Major Changes

• Security Alert: Users’ separate GnuPG instance’s with the same home directory, which represent distinct & different secret keys, can only be considered to represent separate identities during runtime if the passphrase for each instance is distinct & different. Past updates of the package have mentioned separate identities as if one instance won’t be able to access another’s secret keys, and this is not true unless their passphrases are different. This is how GnuPG itself is designed, where all public & secret keys are stored together in the home directory, & an identity is more strongly considered to be the current operating system’s user. A more effective way a user can separate identities is by setting a unique home directory for each identity. However, the GnuPG program wasn’t designed safely as it regards anonymity, so gaining confidence in its ability to respect more nuanced identity boundaries is dubious at best.

• The values that are inserted into raised exceptions were renamed to be declarative of exactly what has been inserted. I.e., instead of calling all the inserted exception object attributes something as generic as value, they are now inputs, uid, output, etc. This helps improve readability & clarity.

Minor Changes

• Various documentation improvements & fixes.

• Various code cleanups & refactorings.

• Added type hints to many of the codebase’s parameters.

Major Changes

• Added the new Issue class. It takes care of raising exceptions & giving error messages to the user for issues which aren’t caused by calling the gpg2 binary. This comes with some refactorings.

Minor Changes

• Various code cleanups & refactorings.

Major Changes

• New Terminal, MessageBus & Error classes were created to assist in some heavy refactorings of the codebase. Separating error handling logic & sending commands to the terminal into their own classes & methods.

Minor Changes

• Removed the import-drop-uids option from the package’s import commands for several reasons. First, this option doesn’t work on most systems. Second, if it did work, the result would be problematic, as that would mean all uid information would always be dropped from imported keys. This option was intended to keep GnuPG from crashing when importing keys which don’t have uid information, but it’s an unideal hack around the root problem.

• Some changes to function signatures for a better ux, & various code cleanups.

Major Changes

• The package no longer comes with its own gpg2 binary. The GnuPG class was altered so that a user can set the path to the binary that exists on their system manually. The path to the config file & to the home directory can also be set independently now as well. Although, the home directory & config file still default to the one’s in the package. These changes should allow users to more easily utilize the package even if they aren’t using Debian-like operating systems.

• The interface for the GnuPG class was also made a bit smaller by making some methods private.

• The asynchronous file import & export functions were switched to synchronous calls. This is a push towards a more sycnhronous focus, as the gpg2 binary & gpg-agent processes don’t play well with threaded or truly asynchronous execution. The networking asynchrony will remain.

• Heavy refactoring for method names to make the interface more unified & conherent.

• The GnuPG class now only receives keyword-only arguments. The username, email & passphrase parameters no longer use empty default string values.

• Removed the network_sks_import method which was no longer working. The onion sks server seems to change its onion address to frequently to maintain support within the package.

• Created Network & User classes to better separate concerns to dedicated & expressive objects.

Minor Changes

• Various refactorings.

• Some bug fixes in the html parsing of the keyserver responses.

Minor Changes

• Edits to test_tiny_gnupg.py.

Major Changes

• Cause of CI build failures found. The sks/pks keyserver’s onion address was not accessible anymore. They seemed to have switched to a new onion address available here: http://pgpkeysximvxiazm.onion.

Minor Changes

• Changes to deduce bug causing CI failure.

Major Changes

• Switch from aiohttp_socks’s deprecated SocksProxy to the newer and supported ProxyConnector.

Minor Changes

• Add checks in network_sks_import() for html failute sentinels.

Major Changes

• Spread out the amount of queries per key in test_tiny_gnupg.py so the keyserver’s rate limiting policies don’t cause the CI build to fail as often.

Minor Changes

• Fix setup attribution kwargs in setup.py.

Major Changes

• Added new network_sks_import() method which allows users to query the sks infrastructure for public keys as well. We use an onion address mirror of the sks/pks network available here: http://jirk5u4osbsr34t5.onion.

• Added new manual kwarg to command which simplifies the process of using the GnuPG() class to manage gpg2 non-programmatically. Passing manual=True will allow users to craft commands and interact directly with the gpg2 interface.

Minor Changes

• Tests added to include checks for instance-isolated identities.

Major Changes

• reset_daemon() calls added to decrypt(), verify(), sign() & encrypt(). This call kills the gpg-agent process & restarts it, which in turn wipes the caching of secret keys available on the system without a passphrase. This is crucial for users of applications with multiple GnuPG objects that handle separate key identities. That’s because these methods will now throw PermissionError or LookupError if a private key operation is needed from an instance which is already assigned to another private key in the keyring. This gives some important anonymity protections to users.

• More improvements to error reporting.

Minor Changes

• Added newly developed auto_decrypt() & auto_encrypt() methods to the README.rst tutorial.

• Allow keyserver queries with spaces by replacing " " with url encoding "%20".

• packet_fingerprint(target="") & list_packets(target="") methods now raise TypeError when target is clearly not OpenPGP data.

• Tests added to account for new error handling in tiny_gnupg.py.

Major Changes

• --no-tty seems to keep most of the noise from terminal output while also displaying important banner information. For instance, signature verification still produces detailed signature information. Because it automatically seems to behave as desired, it’s here to stay.

Minor Changes

• Added to Known Issues. Our package can’t build on Github (Or most any CI service) for many reasons related their build environments using Docker & an issue in GnuPG itself.

• Removed Above known issue as a fix was found for using the Github CI tool.

• Added _home, _executable, & _options attributes which store the pathlib.Path.absolute() representation of the associated files & directories.

• Added options attribute with is the str value of the _options pathlib path to the configuration file used by the package.

Major Changes

• Added "--no-tty" option to command() method which conveniently tells gpg2 not to use the terminal to output messages. This has lead to a substantial, possibly complete, reduction in the amount of noise gpg2 prints to the screen. Some of that printed information is helpful to see, though. We would add it back in places where it could be informative, but passing "--no-tty" has the added benefit of allowing Docker not to break right out of the gate of a build test. More thought on this is required.

• Removed pathlib from imports. That module has been in the standard library since c-python3.4. This package isn’t looking to be supported for anything older than 3.6.

Minor Changes

• Style edits to PREADME.rst.

Major Changes

• Fixed a major bug in decrypt() which miscategorized a fingerprint scraped from a message as the sender’s, when in fact it should be the recipient’s. Getting the sender’s fingerprint requires successfully decrypting the message & scraping the signature from inside if it exists. We do this now, raising LookupError if the signature inside has no corresponding public key in the package keyring.

• Added new auto_encrypt() method which follows after auto_decrypt() in allowing a user to attempt to encrypt a message to a recipient’s key using the value in the uid kwarg. If there’s no matching key in the package keyring, then the keyserver is queried for a key that matches uid where then message is encrypted if found, or FileNotFoundError is raised if not.

• Added better exception raising throughout the GnuPG class:

  • Now, instead of calling read_output() when the supplied uid has no key in the package keyring, a LookupError is raised.

  • The best attempt at deriving a 40-byte key fingerprint from uid is returned back through the LookupError exception object’s value attribute for downstream error handling.

  • verify() raises PermissionError if verification cannot be done on the message kwarg. Raises LookupError instead if a public key is needed in order to attempt verification. verify can’t be used on an encrypted messages in general, unless message is specifcally a signature, not encrypted plaintext. This is just not how verify works. Signatures are on the inside on encrypted messages. So decrypt() should be used for those instead, it throws if a signature is invalid on a message.

  • A rough guide now exists for what exceptions mean, since we’ve given names & messages to the most likely errors, & helper functions to resolve them. Users can now expect to run into more than just the in decript CalledProcessError. Exceptions currently being used include: LookupError, PermissionError, TypeError, ValueError, KeyError, & FileNotFoundError.

• ValueError raised in text_export() & sign() switched to TypeError as it’s only raised when their secret or key kwargs, respectively, are not of type bool.

Minor Changes

• Fixed inaccuracies & mess-ups in the tests. Added tests for parsing some legacy keys’ packets with raw_packets().

Major Changes

• Bug in the packet parser has been patched which did not correctly handle or recognize some legacy key packet types. This patch widens the pool of compatible OpenPGP versions.

Minor Changes

• Various code cleanups.

• Added to test cases for auto fetch methods & packet parsing.

• Documentation improvements: README.rst edits. CHANGES.rst Known Issues moved to its own section at the top. Docstrings now indicate code args & kwargs in restructured text, double tick format.

• Added use-agent back into the gpg2.conf file to help gnupg to not open the system pinentry window. This may have implications for anonymity since multiple instances runnning on a user machine will be able to use the same agent to decrypt message’s, even if the decrypting instance wasn’t the intended recipient. This may be removed again. A factor in this decision is that, it’s not clear whether removing it or adding no-use-agent would even have an impact on the gpg-agent’s decisions.

• _session, _connector, session & connector contructors were renamed to title case, since they are class references or are class factories. They are now named _Session, _Connector, Session & Connector.

• Added some functionality to setup.py so that the long_description on PyPI which displays both README.rst & CHANGES.rst, will also be displayed on github through a combined README.rst file. The old README.rst is now renamed PREADME.rst.

Major Changes

• 100% test coverage!

• Fixed bug in raw_packets() which did not return the packet information when gnupg throws a “no private key” error. Now the packet information is passed in the output attribute of the KeyError exception up to packet_fingerprint() and list_packets(). If another cause is determined for the error, then CalledProcessError is raised instead.

• packet_fingerprint() now returns a 16 byte key ID when parsing packets of encrypted messages which would throw a gnupg “no private key” error. The longer 40 byte fingerprint is not available in the plaintext packets.

• New list_packets() method added to handle the error scraping of raw_packets() & return the target’s metadata information in a more readable format.

• Fixed bug in format_list_keys() which did not properly parse raw_list_keys(secret=False) when secret was toggled to True to display secret keys. The bug would cause the program to falsely show that only one secret key exists in the package keyring, irrespective of how many secret keys were actually there.

• Added a second round of fingerprint finding in decrypt() and verify() to try at returning more accurate results to callers and in the raised exception’s value attribute used by auto_decrypt() & auto_verify().

Minor Changes

• Fixed typos across the code.

• Added to test cases.

• Documentation improvements. CHANGES.md has been converted to CHANGES.rst for easy integration into README.rst and long_description of setup.py.

• README.rst tutorial expanded.

• Condensed command constructions in set_base_command() and gen_key() by reducing redundancy.

• Fixed delete() method’s print noisy output when called on a key which doesn’t have a secret key in the package’s keyring.

Major Changes

• Added a secret kwarg to list_keys() method which is a boolean toogle between viewing keys with public keys & viewing keys with secret keys.

• Added a reference to the asyncio.get_event_loop().run_until_complete function in the package. It is now importable with from tiny_gnupg import run or from tiny_gnupg import *. It was present in all of the tutorials, & since we haven’t decided to go either all async or sync yet, it’s a nice helper.

• Added raw_packets(target="") method which takes in OpenPGP data, like a message or key, & outputs the raw terminal output of the --list-packets option. Displays very detailed information of all the OpenPGP metadata on target.

• Added packet_fingerprint(target="") method which returns the issuer fingerprint scraped off of the metadata returned from raw_packets(target). This is a very effective way to retrieve uid information from OpenPGP signatures, messages & keys to determine beforehand whether the associated sender’s key is or isn’t already in the package’s keyring.

Minor Changes

• Fixed typos across the code.

• Added to test cases.

• Added tests explanation in test_tiny_gnupg.py.

• Documentation improvements.

Major Changes

• Added exception hooks to decrypt() & verify() methods. They now raise KeyError when the OpenPGP data they’re verifying require a signing key that’s not in the package’s keyring. The fingerprint of the required key is printed out & stored in the value attribute of the raised exception.

• Added new auto_decrypt() & auto_verify() async methods which catch the new exception hooks to automatically try a torified keyserver lookup before raising a KeyError exception. If a key is found, it’s downloaded & an attempt is made to verify the data.

Minor Changes

• Added to test cases.

• Changed the project long description in the README.rst.

• Added docstrings to all the methods in the GnuPG class, & the class itself.

Major Changes

• Turned off options in gpg2.conf require-cross-certification and no-comment because one or both may be causing a bug where using private keys raises an “unusable private key” error.

Minor Changes

• Updated package metadata files to be gpg2.conf aware.

Major Changes

• Added support for a default package-wide gpg2.conf file.

Minor Changes

• Added new tests. We’re at 95% code coverage.

Major Changes

• Changed the default expiration date on generated keys from never to 3 years after created. This is both for the integrity of the keys, but also as a courtesy to the key community by not recklessly creating keys that never expire.

• Added revoke(uid) method, which revokes the key with matching uid if the secret key is owned by the user & the key passphrase is stored in the instance’s passphrase attribute.

Minor Changes

• Changed package description to name more specifically the kind of ECC keys this package handles.

• Removed the trailing newline character that was inserted into the end of every encrypt() & sign() message.

• Added new tests.

Major Changes

• Fixed bug in __init__() caused by the set_base_command() not being called before the base commands are used. This leading to the fingerprint for a persistent user not being set automatically.

Minor Changes

• Added some keyword argument names to README.rst tutorials.

• Added section in README.rst about torification.

Major Changes

• Added a check in encrypt() for the recipient key in the local keyring which throws if it doesn’t exist. This is to prevent gnupg from using wkd to contact the network to find the key on a keyserver.

• Added a new torify=False kwarg to __init__() which prepends "torify" to each gpg2 command if set to True. This will make sure that if gnupg makes any silent connections to keyservers or the web, that they are run through tor & don’t expose a users ip address inadvertently.

Minor Changes

• Added keywords to setup.py

• Added copyright notice to LICENSE file.

• Code cleanups.

• Updated README.rst tutorials.

• Added new tests.

• Include .gitignore in MANIFEST.in for PyPI.

• Made all path manipulations more consistent by strictly using pathlib.Path for directory specifications.

• Added strict truthiness avoidance to sign() for the key boolean kwarg.

• Added strict truthiness avoidance to text_export() for the secret boolean kwarg.

Major Changes

• Added key kwarg to the sign(target="", key=False) method to allow users to toggle between signing arbitrary data & signing a key in the package’s local keyring.

• Changed the message kwarg in sign(message="") to target so it is also accurate when the method is used to sign keys instead of arbitrary data.

Minor Changes

• Added new tests.

Major Changes

• Fixed new crash caused by --batch keyword in encrypt(). When a key being used to encrypt isn’t ultimately trusted, gnupg raises an error, but this isn’t a desired behavior. So, --batch is removed from the command sent from the method.

Minor Changes

• Added new tests.

• Removed base_command() method because it was only a layer of indirection. It was merged into command().

Major Changes

• Added the --batch, --quiet & --yes arguments to the default commands contructed by the command() method.

• Added the --quiet & --yes arguments to the command constructed internally to the gen_key() method.

• Added a general uid —> fingerprint uid conversion in delete() to comply with gnupg limitations on how to call functions that automatically assume yes to questions. The Up-shot is that delete() is now fully automatic, requiring no user interaction.

Minor Changes

• Added new tests.

• Typos & inaccuracies fixed around the code & documentation.

Major Changes

• Added new secret kwargs to text_export(uid, secret=bool) and file_export(path, uid, secret=bool) to allow secret keys to be exported from the package’s environment.

• Added new post(url, **kw) & get(url, **kw) methods to allow access to the networking tools without having to manually construct the network_post() & network_get() context managers. This turns network calls into one liners that can be more easily wrapped with an asyncio run function.

Minor Changes

• Added new tests for networking methods.

• Documentation updates & accuracy fixes.

Major Changes

• Removed a check in network_import() which wasn’t useful and should’ve been causing problems with imports, even though the tests didn’t seem to notice.

Minor Changes

• Switched the aiocontext package license with the license for asyncio-contextmanager.

Major Changes

• The packaging issues seem to be resolved. Packaging as v0.3.5-beta, the first release that did not ship completely broken through pip install –user tiny_gnupg.

Minor Changes

• Rolled back the changes in trust() that checked for trust levels on keys to avoid sending an unnecessary byte of data through the terminal. Mostly because the attempted fix did not fix the issue. And the correct fix involves a wide branching of state & argument checking. That runs contrary to the goal of the package for simplicity, so it isn’t going to be addressed for now.

• Edited some of the README.rst tutorials.

Major Changes

• Fix bug in file_import() method where await wasn’t called on the keyfile.read() object, leading to a crash.

Minor Changes

• Fixed a bug in trust() which caused an extra b“y\n” to be sent to the interactive prompt when setting keys as anything but ultimately trusted. This was because there’s an extra terminal dialog asking for a “y” confirmation that is not there when a key is being set as ultimately trusted. This didn’t have a serious effect other than displaying a “Invalid command (try ‘help’)” dialog.

• Removed local_user kwarg from the raw_list_keys() and trust() methods, as it doesn’t seem to matter which “user” perspective views the list of keys or modifies trust. It is very likely always displaying keys from the perspective of the global agent.

• Typos, redundancies & naming inaccuracies fixed around the code and documentation.

• Tests updated & added to.

Major Changes

• Fixed a bug in encrypt() which caused a “y\n” to be prepended to plaintext that was sent to ultimately trusted keys. This was because there’s an extra terminal dialog asking for a “y” confirmation that is not there when a key is ultimately trusted.

• Added a key_trust(uid) method to allow easy determination of trust levels set on keys in the local keyring.

Minor Changes

• Changed MANIFEST.in to a more specific include structure, & a redundant exclude structure, to more confidently keep development environment key material from being uploaded during packaging.

Major Changes

• Overhauled the gen_key() which now creates a different set of default keys. We are no longer creating one primary key which does certifying & signing, with one subkey which handles encryption. Instead, we create one certifying primary key, with three subkeys, one each for handling encryption, authentication, & signing. This is a more theoretically secure default key setup, & represents a common best-practice.

Minor Changes

• Edited some of the README.rst tutorials

• Changed file_import()’s filename kwarg to path for clarity.

• Fixed bug in trust() which would allow a float to be passed to the terminal when an integer was needed.

• Changed the way the email address in displayed in network_export(), removing the surrounding list brackets.

• Changed the FILE_PATH global to HOME_PATH for clarity.

• Changed the id_link variable in network_import() to key_url for clarity.

Major Changes

• Fixed a bug in format_list_keys() which would imporperly split the output string when uid information contained the "pub" string.

Minor Changes

• Edited some of the README.rst tutorials.

Major Changes

• Fixed a bug in the trust() method which caused it to never complete execution.

• Fixed a bug in the trust() method which falsely made 4 the highest trust level, instead of 5.

Minor Changes

• Typos, redundancies & naming inaccuracies fixed around the code and documentation.

• Added a new POST request tutorial to the README.rst.

• Added "local_user" kwarg to some more methods where the output could at least be partially determined by the point of view of the key gnupg thinks is the user’s.

Major Changes

• Added a signing toggle to the encrypt(sign=True) method. Now, the method still automatically signs encrypted messages, but users can choose to turn off this behavior.

• Added a trust(uid="", level=4) method, which will allow users to sign keys in their keyring on a trust scale from 1 to 4.

• Fixed a bug in set_fingerprint(uid="") which mistakenly used an email parameter instead of the locally available uid kwarg.

Minor Changes

• Typos, redundancies & naming inaccuracies fixed around the code and documentation.

• Tests updated & added to.

• Changed raw_network_export() & raw_network_verify() methods into raw_api_export() & raw_api_verify(), respectively. This was done for more clarity as to what those methods are doing.

Major Changes

• Added sign(message) & verify(message) methods.

• Changed the keyserver & searchserver attributes into properties so that custom port attribute changes are now reflected in the constructed url, & the search string used by a custom keyserver can also be reflected.

• Moved all command validation to the read_output() method which simplifies the construction of command() & will automatically shlex.quote() all commands, even those hard-coded into the program.

• Fixed bug in set_homedir() which did not construct the default gpghome directory string correctly depending on where the current working directory of the calling script was.

• Added local_user kwarg to encrypt() & sign() so a user can specify which key to use for signing messages, as gnupg automatically signs with whatever key it views as the default user key. Instead, we assume mesasges are to be signed with the key associated with the email address of a GnuPG class instance, or the key defined by the local_user uid if it is passed.

• Fixed –list-keys terminal output parsing. We now successfully parse & parameterize the output into email addresses & fingerprints, of a larger set of types of keys.

• Added delete() method for removing both public & private keys from the local keyring. This method still requires some user interaction because a system pinentry-type dialog box opens up to confirm deletion. Finding a way to automate this to avoid user interaction is in the work.

• Added automating behavior to the sign() & encrypt() methods so that keys which haven’t been verified will still be used. This is done by passing “y” (yes) to the terminal during the process of the command.

Minor Changes

• The names of some existing methods were changed. parse_output() is now read_output(). gpg_directory() is now format_homedir(). The names of some existing attributes were changed. gpg_path is now executable, with its parent folder uri now stored in home. key_id is now fingerprint to avoid similarities with the naming convention used for the methods which query the package environment keys for uid information, i.e. key_fingerprint() & key_email().

Major Changes

• Good riddance to the pynput library hack! We figured out how to gracefully send passphrases & other inputs into the gpg2 commandline interface. This has brought major changes to the package, & lots of increased functionality.

• Many added utilities:

  • Keys generated with the gen_key() method now get stored in a local keyring instead of the operating system keyring.

  • aiohttp, aiohttp_socks used to power the keyserver queries and uploading features. All contact with the keyserver is done over tor, with async/await syntax. search(uid) to query for a key with matches to the supplied uid, which could be a fingerprint or email address. network_import(uid) to import a key with matches to the supplied uid. network_export(uid) to upload a key in the package’s keyring with matches to the supplied uid to the keyserver. Also, raw access to the aiohttp.ClientSession networking interface is available by using async with instance.session as session:. More info is available in the aiohttp docs

  • New text_import(key), file_import(filename), text_export(key), & file_export(path, uid) methods for importing & exporting keys from key strings or files.

  • New reset_daemon() method for refreshing the system gpg-agent daemon if errors begin to occur from manual deletion or modification of files in the package/gpghome/ directory.

  • New encrypt(message, recipient_uid) & decrypt(message) methods. The encrypt() method automatically signs the message, therefore needs the key passphrase to be stored in the passphrase attribute. The same goes for the decrypt() method.

  • The command(*options), encode_inputs(*inputs), and read_output(commands, inputs) methods can be used to create custom commands to the package’s gpg2 environment. This allows for flexibility without hardcoding flexibility into every method, which would increase code size & complexity. The command() method takes a series of options that would normally be passed to the terminal gpg2 program (such as –encrypt) & returns a list with those options included, as well as, the other boiler-plate options (like the correct path to the package executable, & the package’s local gpg2 environment.). encode_inputs() takes a series of inputs that will be needed by the program called with the command() instructions, & bytes() encodes them with the necessary linebreaks to signal separate inputs. read_output() takes the instructions from command() and inputs from encode_inputs() & calls subprocess.check_output(commands, input=inputs).decode() on them to retrieve the resulting terminal output.